Assignment 1 - Data Management - Coursera
Assignments Section - Coursera
This post is dedicated to the assignments demanded in the course: "Data Management and Visualization".
ASSIGNMENT 1
So, the first task to do, is the following:
“The first assignment acquaints you with the data and encourages you to develop a research question. Five codebooks are provided, and you are also free to use your own existing data. You will submit a blog entry where you tell us (1) what data set you have chosen and (2) describe the association you would like to study. You will also prepare a codebook of your own.”
Actually, I think that it would be better for me (mainly for reasons of available time) to link, in some way, these assignments about research questions to the actual research that I’m currently developing in my college. It is a kind of initiation to scientific research that is being financed/supported by a research grant by Santander.
My research is titled “Impacts of the Emergence of the Digital Society on Law Through the phenomenon of Uberization[1] of Work: Analysis of Brazilian Jurisprudence between 2015 - 2020”.
The definition of uberization: “uberization is defined as a new global tendency of organizing, managing and controlling labor. Despite gaining visibility through platform labor (according to a definition by Van Doorn, 2017), uberization in fact transcends it. It results from decades of elimination of labor rights and from global dispersion combined with the centralization of productive chains and the liberalization of financial and investment flows. Concurrently, technological development has enabled the creation of new forms of organizing and controlling the labour process.” (COSTHEK, 2020)
The datasets that I chose, in fact, are not directly related to Brazilian jurisprudence about labor law, as proposed by the title, and this is because I want to analyze something that is not in the research project that I mentioned but is directly related to it. Therefore, I would like to make an analysis of socioeconomic conditions in the labor market in Brazil.
Initially, I want to investigate/explore more details about the directly proportional correlation between unemployment and the advancement of digital platforms in Brazil. This relationship has already been suggested by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), through the publications of the results of the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (Continuous PNAD, acronym in Portuguese), which has been held since 2012.
About this "suggestion" / indication made by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, an example is the unemployment data for the years 2013 and 2017. In 2013, unemployment was 4.3% and in 2017, 12.7%, reaching a peak of 14% in 2020. On the other hand, the number of application drivers grew 137% in 08 years in the country. [2]
Other variables to be considered carefully for this work is the number of self-employed and informal workers. That's because in Brazil, according to data released by the IBGE in March 2020, 40.6% of people are employed as informal workers (which corresponds to 38 million people)[3], a growing trend in the country. In addition, the number of self-employed workers in Brazil is 24.6 million people[4], another record for the country in the labor market.
It is important (also) to note that there is a specific category for those who have stopped looking for work and who are unemployed, a category that the IBGE calls "despondent" (“desalentados”), that do not count in the unemployment count.
Another fundamental part of the data analysis concerns, in fact, the investigation of the reported numbers of workers by applications in Brazil. This is not an easy analysis, as there are many different sources that have different estimates of how many application workers Brazil actually has. This question of the lack of precision of the data, and often the impossibility of accessing that data (because the controllers of these data are private companies) is a consensus among the most diverse researchers, whether in the economy[5], statistics[6], labor law, communication, of sociology[7].
Let's look at the examples of numbers and discussions on the number of application workers / digital platforms in the following excerpts:
The number of people working in vehicles, which also includes taxi drivers, drivers, and bus changers, increased 29.2% in 2018, reaching a record of 3.6 million. [8]
In early 2019, according to data from the National Sample Survey of
Households (PNAD), 3.8 million Brazilians had at work for application your main source of income. The research by the Locomotive Institute has shown that approximately 17 million people regularly earn some income through application work in Brazil
(Estadão, 2019) [9]
In fact, this number is more timid than what was indicated by the company Locomotiva, which signaled (at the beginning of 2019) that there would be 5 million workers in delivery and driving made by the platform. Then that number was removed, disappeared, and was no longer mentioned. We, at Dieese, made contact with the company, but we did not get a return. This leads us to think that there is a possibility that this number was overestimated at that time. We, here, are trying to be very rigorous, based on our knowledge and working with the official database of Brazil, which is the PNAD. When we are going to use the official database, when we do all of this filtering, we reach the number of about 3 million workers in this context. [10]
Resuming: I intend to do an exploratory analysis, in order to be able to formulate a appropriate question, that will be a focus on the labor market in Brazil with the possibles relations due to precarization of labor, specifically in the economy and labor market tables released by the IBGE in 2020.
I did a translation of the indexes of the tables (CODEBOOK), which can be consulted on:
1) this link: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vKUPXm8A2a_iiAsJ9OT3t02TYzIQwd_Hz5H5_yNQL4E/edit?usp=sharing 9
2) or through github with the datasets: https://github.com/firmfrol19/IBGE_Data
3) official site of IBGE with the datasets that I will use (archives named "Trabalho" in the 2020 data): https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/sociais/saude/9221-sintese-de-indicadores-sociais.html?=&t=downloads
LITERATURE REVIEW
As stated earlier, I am basing myself on the research I have been carrying out for my research project in college, so I used a lot, therefore, of the references that are in the project - which can be consulted in Portuguese here: https://github.com/firmfrol19/DigitalLabor_Law . I am providing English and Spanish translation.
Others sources/references that I will use:
LIMA, Jacob Carlos; BRIDI, Maria Aparecida. DIGITAL WORK AND EMPLOYMENT: the labor reform and the deepening of precariousness. Available in Portuguese at: <https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0103-49792019000200325&script=sci_arttext> acessed on November 22,2020
ABÍLIO, Ludmilla Costhek (2020). Digital platforms and uberization: towards the globalization of an administrated South? Contracampo – Brazilian Journal of Communication, Niterói, v. 39, n. 2, p. XXX-YYY, aug./nov. 2020. Submission on: 12/11/2019 / Accepted on: 08/03/2020 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/contracampo.v39i2.38579.
ABÍLIO, Ludmilla Costhek . Uberização: a era do trabalhador just-in-time?1. Estud. av. [online]. 2020, vol.34, n.98, pp.111-126. Epub May 08, 2020. ISSN 1806-9592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-4014.2020.3498.008.
BECK, Ulrick. Sociedade de Risco: rumo a uma outra modernidade /Ulrick Beck; tradução de Sebastião Nascimento; inclui uma entrevista inédita com o autor - São Paulo: Editora 34, 2011 (2ª Edição). 384 p.
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